10】报告题目：饮食干预对人体脏器功能及慢性病影响的研究

                                                                第二届食药物质健康中国国际高峰论坛

                                                     暨"菩惠宁"癌瘤非药物干预产品功效认证新闻发布会

                                                                        上海中西医重症医疗专家组成员

                                                             国际疾病非药物干预产业联盟 副理事长 周建国

摘    要：饮食干预对人体脏器功能的影响，特别是肝脏、肠道和肾脏的排毒与代谢功能

关键词：饮食干预 脏器功能 慢性病

论   述：食物作为人类生存和维持健康的基础，其摄入不仅关乎能量供给，更直接影响着人体的生理功能和

疾病发生发展。科学合理的饮食搭配对于保障脏器正常功能、预防慢性病具有至关重要的作用。然而，当

前不合理的饮食结构在全球范围内广泛存在，成为多种慢性病的重要诱因。因此，深入研究饮食干预对人

体脏器功能的影响及其在慢性病防治中的应用， 具有重要的临床和公共卫生意义。

人体通过多个脏器协同作用完成食物的分解、代谢和毒素排出，其中肝脏、肠道和肾脏是核心器官，皮肤、

肺和淋巴系统则发挥辅助作用。

1、肝脏：核心解毒与代谢器；官肝脏在人体代谢中占据核心地位，具有双重关键功能。肝脏分泌胆汁，促

进脂肪的消化与吸收，并参与糖类和蛋白质的代谢过程。另一方面，肝脏是主要的解毒器官，通过一系列 酶

促反应，将脂溶性毒素转化为水溶性物质，便于经肾脏或肠道排出体外。

2、肠道：营养吸收与毒素排泄的场所肠道是食物消化吸收的主要场所，其中、小肠负责吸收营养物质，大

肠则处理食物残渣并形成粪便。肠道菌群在维持肠道健康中发挥重要作用，其平衡状态可减少毒素产生。

当肠道功能异常时，如便秘发生，毒素可能在肠道内滞留，增加疾病风险。通过调整饮食结构，如 增加膳

食纤维摄入，可有效缓解便秘，促进毒素排出。

3、肾脏：血液过滤与代谢废物排泄的器官肾脏通过肾小球的滤过作用和肾小管的重吸收与分泌作用，每天

过滤大量血液，清除尿素、肌酐等代谢废物，维持水、电解质和酸碱平衡。肾脏功能受损时，代谢废物在

体内蓄积，引发一系列临床症状。

4、糖尿病、精制碳水化合物如白米饭和甜饮料的过量摄入可引发胰岛素抵抗，导致血糖升高。长期高血糖

状态损伤血管和神经，引发多种并发症。低升糖指数食物如全谷物和豆类以及膳食纤维的摄入有助于稳定

血糖水平。因此，糖尿病患者应控制精制碳水化合物的摄入，增加低升糖指数食物和膳食纤维的比例。

5、肾病饮食对肾脏功能具有显著影响，高盐、高蛋白、高磷和高钾食物以及含草酸和加工食品和过量糖脂

类食物的摄入可能增加肾脏负担，加速肾脏损伤进程。高盐或高钠食物盐分摄入过多会升高血压，增加肾

小球滤过压力，加速肾脏损伤。肾病患者应严格控制盐分摄入，每日不超过 5 克，肾功能不全者需进一步

减少。肌酐偏高患者需控制蛋白质、盐分和水分的摄入量；肾功能不好患者需避免过多摄入蛋白质含量高

的食物如沙丁鱼和鸡汤等；合并高钾血症患者需适当控制水果和蔬菜的摄入量；肾病合并水肿和高血压患

者需严格控制盐的摄入；合并高尿酸血症患者需采用低嘌呤饮食。

总   结：饮食干预在维护人体脏器功能和预防慢性病中发挥重要作用。通过科学合理的饮食搭配，可有效降

低心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和肾病等慢性病的凤险。因此，建议公众树立健康饮食观念，根据自身健康

状况制定个性化饮食方案。同时，医疗机构和营养师应加强对患者的饮食指导，提高临床营养治疗水平，

共同促进人类健康事业的发展。

10】Report topic:Research on the impact of dietary intervention on human organ function and chronic diseases

The 2nd China International Summit Forum on Food and Drug Quality Health

Press conference on efficacy certification of "Puhuining" cancer tumour non-drug intervention products

Member of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Critical Care Expert Group

International Alliance for Disease Non-Drug Intervention Industry Vice Chairman

Jianguo Zhou

Abstract：The effect of dietary intervention on the function of human organs, especially the detoxification and

metabolic function of the liver, intestine and kidneys

Keyword：Diet intervention Functions of organs

Chronic disease

Expound：As the basis of human survival and health maintenance, the intake of food is not only related to the energy

supply, but also directly affects the physiological function of the human body and the development of diseases.

Scientific and reasonable diet plays a crucial role in ensuring the normal function of organs and preventing chronic

diseases. However, the current unreasonable diet structure is widespread around the world and has become an

important trigger for many chronic diseases. Therefore, the in-depth study of the impact of dietary intervention on

human organ function and its application in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is of great clinical and

public health significance.

The human body completes the decomposition, metabolism and toxin excretion of food through the synergy of

multiple organs. Among them, the liver, intestines and kidneys are the core organs, while the skin, lungs and lymphatic

system play an auxiliary role.

1、Liver: core detoxification and metabolist; the official liver occupies a core position in human metabolism and has

dual key functions. The liver secretes bile, promotes the digestion and absorption of fat, and participates in the

metabolism of sugars and proteins. On the other hand, the liver is the main detoxification organ. Through a series of

enzymatic reactions, fat-soluble toxins are converted into water-soluble substances, which is convenient for excretion

through the kidneys or intestines.

2、Intestine: the place of nutrient absorption and toxin excretion. The intestine is the main place for food digestion and

absorption. Among them, the small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients, while the large intestine processes

food residues and forms faeces. Intestinal flora plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health, and its balancedstate can reduce the production of toxins. When intestinal function is abnormal, such as constipation, toxins may stay

in the intestine, increasing the risk of disease. By adjusting the diet structure, such as increasing dietary fibre intake, it

can effectively relieve constipation and promote the excretion of toxins.

3、Kidney: The organ that excretes blood filtration and metabolic waste. Through the filtration of the glomerulus and

the reabsorption and secretion of the renal tubules, it filters a large amount of blood every day, removes urea,

creatinine and other metabolic waste, and maintains the balance of water, electrolytes and acid and alkali. When kidney

function is impaired, metabolic waste accumulates in the body, causing a series of clinical symptoms.

4、Diabetes, excessive intake of refined carbohydrates such as white rice and sweet drinks can trigger insulin resistance

and lead to increased blood sugar. Long-term hyperglycaemia damages blood vessels and nerves, causing a variety of

complications. The intake of foods with low glycaemic index, such as whole grains and beans, and dietary fibre, can

help stabilise blood sugar levels. Therefore, diabetics should control the intake of refined carbohydrates and increase

the proportion of foods with low glycemic index and dietary fibre.

5、Kidney diet has a significant impact on kidney function. The intake of high-salt, high-protein, high-phosphorus and

high-potassium foods, as well as oxalic acid-containing and processed foods and excessive sugar-lipid foods, may

increase the burden on the kidneys and accelerate the process of kidney damage. Excessive salt intake of high-salt or

high-sodium food will increase high blood pressure, increase glomerular filtration pressure, and accelerate kidney

damage. Patients with kidney disease should strictly control their salt intake, no more than 5 grams per day, and

patients with renal insufficiency should further reduce it. Patients with high creatinine need to control the intake of

protein, salt and water; patients with poor kidney function need to avoid excessive intake of high-protein foods such as

sardines and chicken soup; patients with hyperkalaemia need to control the intake of fruits and vegetables

appropriately; patients with kidney disease combined with oedema and hypertension need to strictly control the intake

of salt; Patients with hyperuricaemia need to adopt a low-purine diet. 

编辑：食药物质国际交流栏目组  愚晏

翻译：国际食药物质与健康产业联盟 执行秘书长 孙丽

校对：国际疾病非药物干预科学应用联盟（中国代表处）执行秘书长 吴玲